VOLUME 3 OF THE COPERNICAN SERIES

    Galileo erred in teaching that finding facts predicted by hypotheses could prove those hypotheses. Hypotheses, concepts, are the tools the mind uses to arrange facts and are not subject to proof.
    Mass is a concept. It is derived from the erroneous Newtonian belief that an object will move in a straight line unless a force acts on it to change its motion.
    In the real world, objects do not move in a straight line. Objects come to rest with respect to the forces that are acting on them.
    Because Newton had no explanation for the current movement of the planets and moons in the solar system, he ascribed that movement to a historical force.
    Modern science is unable to explain the movement of matter in the solar system on the basis of current forces.
    It therefore ascribes that movement to historical forces which, because they no longer exist, are beyond direct examination.
    However, matter in the real world, the world in which an attempt is made to derive a consistent picture of physical phenomena, moves as a result of existing forces, or comes to rest with respect to those existing forces. Historic forces, by definition, no longer exist, and don't move anything.
    Modern science has no explanation for obvious phenomena such as planetary rotation. To hide this ignorance, it provides occult answers for explainable reality. The force of attraction becomes a property of matter. Motion is ascribed to unclear historical forces that no longer exist.
    To compensate for this ignorance, modern science focuses its attention on objects that have no existence in reality: Black holes in space, dark matter, worm holes tunnelling through space and time.
    Modern science hides its inability to explain the obvious behind explanations of the exotic.
    Progress is dependent on being able to construct a consistent picture of physical phenomena. The inability of modern science to explain the obvious retards progress.
  ATOMS, STARS AND MINDS provides the concepts needed to construct a consistent picture of physical phenomena. It uses the same concepts to construct a mind that can perceive both physical phenomena and itself.
    The conceptual shift is simple. A measurable mechanism is substituted for non-measurable mass as the source of the attractive force. This mechanism, which regulates the uniform expansion of electromagnetic emission fields, reflects the inverse square law applicable to falling objects.
    However, virtually every theoretical conclusion about physical phenomena rests on the assumption that mass exists and somehow produces gravity.
    The change in conceptual perception is therefore universal.
    It is the second and last great paradigm shift.