KEPLER'S LAW DOES NOT DESCRIBE REALITY
HOW TO COMPUTE THE SPEED AND DIRECTION OF THE SUN
KEPLER'S LAW DOES NOT DESCRIBE REALITY
Kepler's Law states that the planets move in elliptical orbits with the
sun at one focus of the ellipse so that a line connecting the sun and a
planet will sweep out equal areas in equal times. An ellipse is a central
conic, symmetric about a central point so that the major axis passing through
the focus bisects the ellipse, making the areas of both sides of the bisected
ellipse equal. The perihelion and aphelion are the closest and furthest
points from the sun, the focus, that the Earth's orbit intersects the major
axis. By applying Kepler's Law to the Earth's orbit, these points are placed
in early January and July. However, the time it takes for the Earth to move
between these astronomical points, January to July is 72 hours less than
the time it takes to move from July to January, sweeping out equal areas
in unequal times. Thus, applying Kepler's Law to determine the perihelion
and aphelion of the Earth's orbit disproves Kepler's Law! The perihelion
and aphelion actually coincide approximately with the winter and summer
solstices, the angle of the Earth's tilt being itself tilted less than a
degree away from the direction of the sun's motion, resulting in a time
differential approximately thirty hours less.
HOW TO COMPUTE THE SPEED OF THE SUN
The fact that it takes longer for the Earth to move between the summer
(June) and winter (December) solstices than it does to move between the
winter and summer solstices shows that the sun is moving toward the winter
solstice. These times can be obtained from a Farmer's almanac. Note, however,
that using the astronomical perihelion and aphelion (January and July) computed
by assuming Kepler's Law applies to the Earth's orbit will overstate the
sun's speed by approximately 80%. With the sun moving toward the winter
solstice, D1, the distance the Earth travels between the winter and summer
solstices is shorter than D2, the distance the Earth travels between the
summer and winter solstices. Because the Earth's rate is equal in both periods,
D1 divided by the time it takes to move from the winter to the summer solstice
equals D2 divided by the time it takes to move from the summer to the winter
solstice. D1 and D2 can be expressed in terms of V, the velocity of the
sun. D1 equals the distance of the bisected Earth's orbit (pi times D/2)
minus the time it takes for the Earth to move between the winter and summer
solstices multiplied by V. D2 equals the distance of the bisected Earth's
orbit plus the time it takes for the Earth to move between the summer and
winter solstices multiplied by V. Substituting these values for D1 and D2
solves the equation for V, the velocity of the sun.
Where the absolute distance is 1/2 the Earth's orbit ( pi (3.14)x 93,000,000),
the time it takes for the Earth to move from the winter to the summer solstice
is 4362.22 hours and the time it takes for the Earth to move between the
summer and winter solstice is 4403.35, the speed of the sun, V, is determined
as follows:
THE QUESTION OF WHAT MAKES OBJECTS FALL IS UP FOR
GRABS
The movement of the sun accounts for the precession of the vernal equinox,
currently scientifically explained by wobble, as well as Tycho Brahe's unexplained
finding that the moon travels faster in the summer than the winter: It isn't
traveling faster, it is traveling at a uniform rate over the shorter distance
between the winter and summer solstices and the longer distance between
the summer and winter solstices caused by the motion of the sun.
The sun's movement is what gives the planetary orbit the appearance of being
an ellipse, the Earth's actual path being a helix less than 1% from the
plane of solar system movement. Because the sun is dragging the planets
through space, historical forces are not sufficient to explain orbiting.
As Newton based his proof of mass/gravity on historical forces producing
Kepler's Law, we may have to rethink why objects fall.
Today it is popular to assert that Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
is useful in computing the future location of planets, although it didn't
prove to be very useful in computing the course of the moon missions, which
had to find their way by trial and error. Useful or not in computing planetary
orbits, because its validity rests on Kepler's laws and because Kepler's
laws do not describe reality, the question of what makes objects fall to
the Earth is up for grabs!
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